ND is used by nodes to do the following:
- Resolve the link-layer address of a neighboring node to which an IPv6 packet is being forwarded.
- Determine when the link-layer address of a neighboring node has changed.
- Determine whether a neighbor is still reachable.
- Discover neighboring routers.
- Auto configure addresses, address prefixes, routes, and other configuration parameters.
- Advertise their presence, host configuration parameters, routes, and on-link prefixes.
- Inform hosts of a better next-hop address to forward packets for a specific destination.
There are five different ND messages:
- Router Solicitation (ICMPv6 type 133) -requests local routers to transmit information (in a Router Advertisement).
- Router Advertisement (ICMPv6 type 134) - routers periodically transmit information to local hosts.
- Neighbor Solicitation (ICMPv6 type 135) - requests local hosts to send information (in a Neighbor Advertisement).
- Neighbor Advertisement (ICMPv6 type 136) - response to a Neighbor Solicitation.
- Redirect (ICMPv6 type 137) - used by routers to notify a host of a better route for any destination.
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